Suchergebnisse

Smith reviews 'Unprecedented Choices: Religious Ethics at the Frontiers of Genetic Science' by Audrey R. Chapman.

The article is devoted to anti-religious activities in the USSR in 1922-1923. The article deals with the problem of using the image of a renegade clergyman in anti-religious propaganda, which, in turn, was the main one in the entire anti-religious propaganda of the period under study. Not the least role in anti-religious propaganda was played by the Soviet newspaper Bezbozhnik, which was not only one of the many periodicals in the 1920s that directly or indirectly related to the Soviet government stance on religion, but was the leading newspaper specializing in aggressive propaganda of godlessness. In addition, this newspaper was a consolidating and organizing platform for the atheists of the USSR, and in the future, acted as an organizing force in the creation of the "Union of Militant Atheists" - organization that aims to completely eradicate religion. Some cases of the denial of Orthodox clergymen from the church are investigated. The article analyzes the methods of propaganda of atheism by the "Atheist" newspaper. The propaganda image of a renegade priest created by anti-religious propaganda is examined in detail. The history of the anti-religious policy of the Soviet state is being studied. When writing the article, the author used the historical-systemic approach and the principle of historicism.

This collective work explores the themes of religious coexistence and the broaching of religious frontiers in Europe during the 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries. It intends to open new areas for discussion on a European level through the bias of a dia-logue between researchers subscribing to highly different national traditions (France, Netherlands, Switzerland, and Germany). It acts through the contributions gathered here to analyse the possibilities and different methods of interfaith con-tact by using as a departure point the experience of religious differences: The ex-perience garnered by diverse social actors – ecclesiastical, magisterial, academics and nobility. - Cet ouvrage collectif aborde les thématiques de la coexistence confessionnelle et du dépassement des frontières religieuses dans l'Europe des XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Il entend ouvrir de nouvelles pistes de discussion à l'échelle européenne, par le biais d'un dialogue entre des chercheurs s'inscrivant dans des traditions nationales bien différentes (France, Pays-Bas, Suisse, Allemagne). Il s'agit dans les contributions rassemblées ici d'analyser les possibilités et les modalités des contacts interconfessionnels, en prenant comme point de départ l'expérience de la différence religieuse : l'expérience vécue d'acteurs sociaux très divers – ecclésiastiques, magistrats, lettrés ou bourgeois – mais aussi l'expérience tentée par les autorités politiques. Les approches utilisées sont diverses : étude de trajectoires individuelles, histoire intellectuelle et culturelle, histoire sociale et politique. Les recherches présentées, dans leur diversité, s'inscrivent dans un contexte historiographique marqué par la remise en cause des paradigmes insistant sur l'étanchéité des frontières confessionnelles.

Der Verfasser geht von der Annahme aus, dass Europas Grenzen nur als komplexe, sich überlappende Grenzgefüge zu erfassen sind. Räumlich sind sie durch Küstenlinien festgelegt, in sozialer Hinsicht aber werden Mitgliedschaftsräume (Verwandtschafts-, Siedlungs-, Religions- und Sprachgrenzen) relevant, die meist erst durch Grenzüberschreitung ins Bewusstsein rücken. Es wird gezeigt, dass Europa sich nicht nur durch territoriale und kategoriale Einteilungen auszeichnet, sondern auch dadurch, dass Grenzerhaltung und Grenzüberwindung sich verbinden. Ethnische Grenzen werden als ein Sonderfall innerhalb der europäischen Grenzstrukturen dargestellt, nämlich als Folge der Nationalstaatsbildung, der Kolonisation und der Wanderung. Der Glaube an die gemeinsame Abstammung, der sich häufig mit Territorialansprüchen verbindet, lässt ethnische Differenzen entstehen, die sich durch Besonderheiten der Sprache, Kleidung und Folklore hervorheben lassen. Aus dieser Sicht ist kein europäischer Staat ethnisch homogen. Wanderungen verschieben Beziehungsnetze über die nationalstaatlichen Grenzen hinweg. Kolonisation schiebt den Territorialraum über den Mitgliedschaftsraum. Ethnizität hängt nicht allein von den modernen Nationalstaaten ab, aber letztere sind ein günstiger Boden, aus dem ethnische Bewegungen emporwachsen. Hinzu kommt aber die vielfache europäische Religionsspaltung zwischen westlicher und östlicher Christenheit, Katholizismus und Protestantismus, Christentum und Islam. Trotz häufig gewaltsamer Entladungen lässt sich Ethnizität nicht in umfassendere Zugehörigkeiten umbilden, da sie flexible Selbstbeschreibungen sind, die im modernen Europa den Wunsch nach mehr Individualität kanalisieren und zugleich den Verlust anderer institutioneller Stabilisatoren abfedern. (ICG2)

The chapter studies the role of religion in Finnish soldiers' everyday life during World War II. How did the soldiers engage with religious practices and beliefs in order to make sense of their experiences in the violent frontline conditions and what kind of religious attitudes did the soldiers have? Kivimäki analyzes the experiences of frontline fatalism, soldiers' practices of constructing protective identities in a morally threatening environment, and finally the work of Lutheran military chaplains among the troops. The analysis reveals both similarities to other cultures of war and soldiering as well as specifically Finnish and Lutheran features. With the concept of religious artisanship, Kivimäki refers to soldiers' active role in performing and doing religion at the frontlines. ; publishedVersion ; Peer reviewed

This volume contains fresh scholarly contributions to mark the birth centenary of John Hick, the internationally well-known philosopher of religion, whose works continue to have significant global relevance in todays religiously diverse and conflict-ridden world. His writings have reset the parameters of religious pluralism. Up till now, Hicks religious pluralism has been mainly seen in relation to the Western context where Christianity is the predominant religion. This volume includes both Western and non-Western engagement with his thinking in contexts such as Japan, China, Korea, Nigeria, and India, where Christianity is a minority religion with little political power. Its distinctiveness lies in widening the debate on religious pluralism by bringing Hicks pluralistic hypothesis into a constructive cross-cultural and interreligious conversation with scholars of Hinduism, Jainism, Daoism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam and African traditional religions. In doing so, this collection examines how Hicks philosophy of religious pluralism has been received, appropriated and appraised by these scholars. It has been appreciated and critiqued in equal measure, and continues to impact on current thinking on religious pluralism. This volume makes a significant contribution to the debate initiated by Hick.--

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- 1: John Hick's Religious Pluralism: Home and Abroad -- Introduction -- Pluralistic Hypothesis -- Moving beyond Self-understanding -- Uniqueness -- Noumenal Real -- Ethical-soteriological Transformation -- Pre-axial and Post-axial Religions -- Impact of Religious Pluralism Outside the West -- About the Volume -- Part 1: Hick's Religious Pluralism: A Western Reappraisal -- Part II: Re-envisioning Hick's Religious Pluralism: Indic and Islamic Responses -- Part III: Hick's Religious Pluralism: Asian and African Responses -- Conclusion -- References -- Part I: Hick's Religious Pluralism: A Western Reappraisal -- 2: The Translucency of the Real: Revisiting John Hick's Pluralistic Hypothesis -- Averting Ritualistic Hick-Bashing -- Impasse in the Theology of Religions -- The Pluralistic Hypothesis is Not a Replacement Theology -- The Pluralist Hypothesis as a Philosophical Hypothesis -- A Typology of Religious Pluralisms -- Eschatological Verification and the Pluralist Hypothesis -- Transcendental Agnosticism or Translucent Realism? -- References -- 3: Religious Pluralism and Critical Realism -- Pluralism and the Reliability of Religious Experience -- Divine Transcategoriality, Religious Experience and Religious Language -- John Hick's "Kantianism": Critical Realism -- Hick's Pluralism and the Possibility of Interreligious Learning -- References -- 4: Pointers to Pluralism Not Relativism -- An Accusation of Relativism as an Attack on Pluralism -- Kasper's Absolutism -- Societal Pressures -- Interreligious Dialogue -- Religious Experience -- Concluding Remarks -- 5: Ethics and Pluralism -- References -- 6: Jewish Pluralism and John Hick -- Religious Pluralism and a New Jewish Theology -- Reinterpreting Jewish Belief -- Jewish Practice in a New Age.